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मनीराम दीवान और पियाली बरुआ
असम के 1857 के सिपाही विद्रोह के पथप्रदर्शक

Lokanayak Omeo Kumar Das Image source: Wikimedia commons

Maniram Dewan

जोरहाट, असम के अहोम साम्राज्य की अंतिम राजधानी था, जिसे 1817 के बाद से बर्मा के आक्रमणों की एक श्रृंखला के बाद 1824 में अंग्रेज़ों द्वारा पुनर्जीवित किया गया। 1826 में ब्रिटिश शासन और बर्मा के बीच यान्डाबू की संधि पर हस्ताक्षर किए गए, जिसके खिलाफ़ असम के क्रांतिकारियों ने कड़ा प्रतिरोध किया। जैसा कि किसी भी विद्रोह के साथ होता है, विचारधारा के पथ प्रदर्शक वही होते हैं जो एक चिंगारी को लौ में बदल देते हैं और इस मामले में, वह थे मनीराम दीवान, जिन्होंने असम के युवाओं से अंग्रेज़ों के विरुद्ध प्रतिरोध में सम्मिलित होने का आग्रह किया था। 1857 में, उन्होंने क्रांतिकारियों का एक समूह बनाया जो उनके साथ काम कर सके। पियाली बरुआ (महेश चंद्र गभरुमेलिया के नाम से भी प्रसिद्ध) एक ऐसे युवा थे जो निःसंकोच इस समूह में जुड़े और अंग्रेज़ों के प्रति अपने क्रोध को संग्राम में बदल दिया।

मनीराम और पियाली एक दूसरे के बिल्कुल विपरीत थे। जहाँ एक ओर मनीराम दीवान धनी और एक प्रभावशाली अभिजात वर्ग से थे जो अपने आकर्षण युक्त व्यक्तित्व और ज्ञान के लिए अंग्रेज़ों द्वारा पसंद किए जाते थे, वहीं दूसरी ओर थे पियाली बरुआ, एक साधारण व्यक्ति, जो कैसे भी पश्चिमी प्रभाव को अस्वीकार करते थे। अपने पाश्चात्य दृष्टिकोण के बावजूद, मनीराम एक असमिया राजा को सत्ता में लाने के लिए दृढ़ थे, और उन्होंने इसके लिए अंग्रेज़ों को एक याचिका दायर की। अंग्रेज़ों द्वारा उनकी याचना को एकदम से खारिज कर दिया गया। इस घटना ने उन्हें साम्राज्यवादी अधिकारियों के विरुद्ध विद्रोह करने के लिए समान विचारधारा वाले व्यक्तियों को एक समूह में एकत्रित करने के लिए प्रेरित किया। ऐसा कहा जाता है कि 1857 के प्रथम स्वतंत्रता संग्राम के दौरान ब्रिटिश विरोधी साज़िश को अंजाम देने के पीछे योजना बनाने वाले व्यक्ति मनीराम दीवान और पियाली बरुआ थे। जहाँ मनीराम ने कलकत्ता से विद्रोह का निर्देशन किया, वहीं पियाली ने असम में चीफ़ लेफ़्टिनेंट के रूप में सभी योजनाओं को क्रियान्वित किया था।

भारतीय सिपाहियों द्वारा शुरू किया गया 1857 का पहला स्वतंत्रता संग्राम पूरे देश में तेज़ी से फैल रहा था। मनीराम ने इसे राज्य में अहोम शासन को वापिस सत्ता में लाने के अवसर के रूप में देखा। कलकत्ता से, मनीराम ने पियाली बरुआ को कुछ कोडित संदेश भेजे, जो उस वक्त उनकी अनुपस्थिति में कंदारपेश्वर के मुख्य सलाहकार के रूप में कार्य कर रहे थे। उन पत्रों में, उन्होंने उत्तराधिकारी राजकुमार कंदारपेश्वर से गोलाघाट और डिब्रूगढ़ में सिपाहियों की मदद से अंग्रेज़ों के विरुद्ध विद्रोह शुरू करने का आग्रह किया। योजना के अनुसार, दुर्गा पूजा के दिन, वे जोरहाट तक मार्च करेंगे, जहाँ कंदारपेश्वर को राजा के रूप में पदासीन किया जाएगा। लेकिन, दुर्भाग्यवश, उनकी एक गुप्त बैठक से ठीक पहले, शिबसागर के एक अलोकप्रिय, ब्रिटिश समर्थक दरोगा, हरनाथ बरुआ ने मनीराम दीवान द्वारा भेजे गए कुछ संदेशों को पढ़ लिया और उनकी योजना अंजाम देने से पहले ही उजागर कर दी गई।

Lokanayak Omeo Kumar Das Image source: Wikimedia commons

Maniram Dewan and Piyali Barua

Lokanayak Omeo Kumar Das Image source: Wikimedia commons

Maniram Dewan and Piyali Barua

इस योजना में शामिल सभी लोग गिरफ़्तार कर लिए गए। प्रतिरोध नाकाम हुआ और ब्रिटिश अधिकारियों के हाथों रौंद दिया गया। मनीराम दीवान और पियाली बरुआ की फाँसी हुई और उनके साथियों को निर्वासित करके जेल में डाल दिया गया। पियाली बरुआ, कंदारपेश्वर और बाकी लोग जोरहाट में गिरफ़्तार किए गए, और मनीराम दीवान को कलकत्ता में गिरफ़्तार किया गया। उन सभी पर अंग्रेज़ों को असम से भगाने हेतु विद्रोह भड़काने का आरोप लगाया गया। मनीराम दीवान और पियाली बरुआ पर राजद्रोह का आरोप लगाया गया। 26 फरवरी 1858 को, उन दोनों को अंग्रेज़ों ने जोरहाट में सार्वजनिक रूप से फाँसी दे दी। उनकी मौत की सज़ा ने पूरी असम घाटी को झंझोड़ कर रख दिया, जहाँ काफ़ी लंबे समय से ऐसी सार्वजनिक फाँसी नहीं देखी गई थी। उनका अंग्रेज़ों के प्रति आक्रोश इससे और बढ़ गया।

प्रत्येक वर्ष 26 फरवरी को, पूरा असम राज्य, भारत के स्वतंत्रता संग्राम के इन शहीदों को श्रद्धांजलि देने के लिए एकजुट होता है। अंग्रेज़ों के विरुद्ध उनकी साहसी लड़ाई और देश की आज़ादी के लिए उनके बलिदान का सम्मान करने के लिए, मनीराम दीवान और पियाली बरुआ दोनों की प्रतिमाएँ, असम के शहीदों की एक संरचना में शामिल हैं जो गुवाहाटी में स्थापित की गई है।

Lokanayak Omeo Kumar Das Image source: Wikimedia commons

A sculpture of martyrs from Assam (Guwahati)

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