Government of India- 1162 views
THE LIVING ROOT BRIDGES OF MEGHALAYA
Within the dense forests of Meghalaya exists a unique and extraordinary creation of humans and nature - the Living Root Bridges. Spread all over the East Khasi Hills and West Jaintia Hills districts, these natural pedestrian bridges are made of entwined roots and used to cross over deep valleys and streams. Locally known as Jing Kieng Jri, the root bridges of Meghalaya epitomize self-sufficiency and sustainability. Living in a place accustomed to heavy rainfall and wet conditions for close to 6 months of the year, the locals had to rely on nature-based designs and engineering rather than wooden or metal bridges, which could decompose and corrode. Unfortunately, due to the unavailability of any written script until the 19 century CE, it is difficult to assess how long these constructions have been around. However, the legend goes that some of these bridges are over 500 years old.
The double-decker Living Root Bridges, Nongriat Village (Meghalaya)
Aerial roots of Ficus Elastica
Believed to have been built by the Khasi tribe of Meghalaya, using locally available natural resources like tree branches, trunks, and roots, these bridges have been ingeniously planned and constructed over time. The bridges vary in size and shape, and the techniques of construction also differ. Usually, the process of creating the bridge begins with planting ficus elastica trees on both sides of the river. Then its roots are pulled and twisted manually and merged to form a bridge. Areca palm trunks or bamboo and stones are used as scaffolds until the roots are strong enough to endure the weight of people. As long as the trees remain healthy and receive proper nourishment, a root bridge will only become stronger over time. This entire process can take around 10-15 years. Interestingly, these bridges do not need much maintenance after their construction, as the growing roots continuously strengthen and support the bridge. It is believed that these bridges have survived the worst of storms and floods.
The Living Root Bridges of Meghalaya showcase the close-knit relationship between the Khasi tribes and nature. They are proof of the skilled craftsmanship of the tribe and also reveal an essential technique of survival. These bridges stand as testimony to their history and collective identity. The adoption of such sustainable measures plays an important role in nature conservation and restoration. Unfortunately, this practice of ‘growing’ bridges is diminishing as people prefer easier and quicker methods of construction. However, some locals and the government are trying to preserve this tradition to not only aid the environment but also protect the tribe’s legacy. In March 2022, the Living Root Bridge Cultural Landscapes of Meghalaya were included in the tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Although the primary reasons behind the construction of these bridges were mainly accessibility and connectivity, today, they have evolved into a symbol of beauty, heritage, identity, and hope for a greener and more sustainable future.
Root Bridge with bamboo and stones used as scaffolds
View of the Living Root Bridge in Cherrapunji (Meghalaya)
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